Method of automatics arm operation and automatic revolver based on this method

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to the operation method of automatics of manual fire-arms and to the design of automatic revolver based on this method.  
     The operation method of arm automatics in the process of shooting consists in turning the arm barrel unit in vertical plane relative to transversal horizontal axle connecting the arm barrel unit with the frame occurring as a result of action of the arm of force. The automatic revolver contains the barrel unit with the cylinder connected with the frame by transversal axle, the grip and it is provided with the slide located in barrel unit. The slide is furnished with slide retainer, slide accelerator, mechanism for translational-rotational movement of the slide and with rigid engagement unit of fired cartridge-case bottom with slide cup. The arm kickback compensator is located inside the grip. The arm kickback compensator is arranged in the grip cavity and is furnished with the retainer which is movably fastened on the transversal axle in the cavity of rear wall of grip upper part.  
     The technical result of proposed method and of automatic revolver is the elimination of the negative influence of the arm of force occurred in shooting. 2 ind.c.p., 4 dep.c.p., 7 ill.

FIELD OF TECHNICS

[0001] The invention relates to the operation method of automatics ofmanual fire-arms and to the design of automatic revolver based on thismethod. The claimed invention can serve as basic model to createpractically new class of automatic revolvers.

PREVIOUS TECHNICS LEVEL

[0002] The various technical solutions for arm automatics are known butall they use the linear principle of automatics action, i.e. such atwhich the vectors determining the movement of mass centers of movablearm parts, sensing and transmitting the kickback pulse have the lineardirection, induce to perform the linear movement.

[0003] The nearest analogue is the method of arm automatics action inthe process of shooting containing the barrel unit movement occurring asa result of action of the arm of force (“Small Arms”, 4-th edition,corr. and suppl.—Minsk: “Pot-Pourri Co, Ltd”, 1999, p. 29).

[0004] In shooting the slide being thrusted back by kickback force leadsaway the barrel with it. Moving back the barrel at the same time movesdown because it is connected with fixed body by means of the shacklebeing in rotational movement. The barrel stops and the slide is movingbackwards under the action of inertia and the powder gas residualpressure on the cartridge-case bottom.

[0005] The present solution uses also the linear principle of automaticsaction with all shortcomings followed from it.

[0006] It is known the various models of automatic revolvers using thelinear principle of automatics action for automatics operation. It isknown the model Mateba Avtorevolver“6 Unica” using for automatics thereturn motion of mainspring force which serves at the same time as therecoil spring of movable parts (Magazine “Gun”-1998, Nr. 3, p. 29-32).In this model the mechanism for barrel operation control is located inupper mobile part of the fire-arms. The barrel of this revolver isconnected with lower powder-chamber of the cylinder.

[0007] The shortcoming of known model is the fact that the automaticsprinciple is practically carried from other kinds of automatic arms.Therefore, in this case, the mass of movable parts is compared with themass of the whole arm and affects to the operation reliability not bythe best manner.

[0008] It is known the method of arm magazine re-loading and theautomatic revolver with magazine delivery using the powder gas energyand the recoil spring one for automatics by means of the drive rodpassing through the central hole of cylinder and actuating theautomatics (Patent of RF Nr. 2130157, IPC: F 41 C 3/00, F 41 A 9/00,10.05.1999).

[0009] The known solution relates to the automatics system of small armsof revolver type but not of revolver class. The design of the knownautomatic revolver is complicated for its fabrication and its action isnot flawless because of numerous pieces necessary for realizing theinvention

[0010] The nearest analogue is the automatic revolver “Webley-Fosbery”,model 1900, modification 1901-1902, consisting in frame and uppermovable part. The frame has the guides on which the upper part can move.Under the kickback action the upper part with barrel and cylinder isdisplacing backwards and then is returning thereby cocking the hammerand turning the cylinder (Magazine “Arms”-2000, Nr. 2, p. 56-58.

[0011] The various versions of this revolver are known including thecivil and military models.

[0012] The cylinder of this revolver has the grooves in which the headof fixed screw projecting out of frame immobile part is taken. Thesegrooves are subjected to be contaminated and it can bring to the failureof automatics mechanism. Besides that, in the case of misfire thecylinder isn't turning by simple pressing the trigger or by cocking thehammer.

[0013] The known technical solutions use the linear principle ofautomatics action, i.e. such in which the vectors determining themovement of mass centers of movable arm parts sensing and transmittingthe kickback pulse have the linear direction, induce to perform thelinear movement.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

[0014] The proposed technical solution hasn't the analogues among theknown solutions of short-barrel arms of revolver type.

[0015] There is proposed the non-linear principle of arm automaticsoperation in which the vectors determining the movement of mass centersof arm movable parts sensing and transmitting the kickback pulse in theprocess of shooting, have the variable direction.

[0016] The technical result of the claimed method is the elimination ofnegative influence of the arm of force occurring in shooting, by usingit for actuation of arm automatics, the complete automation of shootingtechnology operations, the increase of arm firing qualities, ofstability, of fire rate, of reliability in use, of improvement oftechnical and functional characteristics, the ability to create the armof new type.

[0017] The technical result is attaining by using the kickback pulsereaction of barrel unit fastened movably in arm frame on the axle beingon the line not coinciding with the line of barrel bore.

[0018] The technical result is attaining by using for arm automaticsoperation, in shooting, the method containing the barrel unit movementas a result of action of the arm of force. In the time of shooting, thebarrel unit is turning in vertical plane relative to transversalhorizontal axle connecting the barrel unit with the frame and the arm offorce is creating between the barrel unit being on the line of powdergas action and of transversal horizontal axle located on the line ofaction of arm reaction force parallel to the line of action of powdergas in the process of shooting.

[0019] The barrel unit is turning at the angle from 5 to 15°

[0020] The barrel unit can contain the slide with retainer and slideaccelerator. In this case, the movement of arm movable part in verticalplane is occurring as a result of action of the arm of force formed inthe process of shooting, between the line of powder gas action(transversal horizontal axle) and the force of support reaction (thepart of slide—the slide cup).

[0021] The claimed method improves considerably the technical featuresand the modes of arm use in case of its application.

[0022] The practical use of the claimed method of arm automaticsoperation is possible for various kinds of short-barrel arms not only ofrevolver type. The method gives an opportunity to create the variousmodifications of reliable, handy in use, powerful quick-firing arms ofrevolver type both classic look and with elements of modern design.

[0023] The negative influence of the arm of force occurring in shootingis used in the claimed method for actuation of arm automatics, therebyremoving the throw-back of the arm and imparting to the arm suchfeatures as the stability which provides the arms with improvedqualities, such as the precision and the safety in the case of prolongedshooting and permits to spend less energy for shooter.

[0024] The technical result of the invention is the creation ofautomatic revolvers with high fighting qualities, handy in application,reliable in use, with optimum ergonomics and large opportunities forfunctional design.

[0025] The technical result is attaining by the special constructivedesign of automatic revolver. The claimed automatic revolver containsthe barrel unit with cylinder, the frame with grip. The barrel unit andthe frame are connected movably one another. The automatic revolver isprovided with the slide located in barrel unit and consisted in tubularand rear parts. The tubular part of the slide is placed under thebarrel, inside this part are located the recoil spring and mainspringwith rod. The slide is provided with slide retainer, slide accelerator,mechanism for translational-rotational movement of the slide and withrigid engagement unit of fired cartridge-case bottom with slide cup. Inthis case, the tubular part of the slide is also the axle of cylinderrotation which has the catch disposed in front of the cylinder. The armkickback compensator is located inside the grip. The barrel unit isconnected with the frame by transversal axle located under the cylinderwith ability to turn the barrel unit relative to this axle.

[0026] The arm kickback compensator is disposed inside the grip inspecially provided cavity. It consists in compensator body fastenedmovably in grip cavity and in contact with slide retainer by means ofmovable lever system, as the lever accelerator and the transmitting rod.The compensator body has the groove with open upper end in which isdisposed the recoil spring and the push-rod of recoil spring, thispush-rod by one end enters the groove and interacts with recoil springof compensator and by other end is in contact with rear part of barrelunit. The compensator is provided with retainer which is movablyfastened on the transversal axle in the cavity of rear wall of upperpart of grip.

[0027] The mechanism for translational-rotational movement of the slideis the curvilinear copy slot which is on the outer surface of slidetubular part and the guide tooth interacting with the slot in theprocess of shooting disposed in the slide groove.

[0028] The rigid engagement unit of the fired cartridge-case with slidecup is performed as the spring-loaded breech-ring and the spring-loadedcartridge-case extractor.

[0029] The slide retainer is the plate with cocking tooth movablyfastened on the transversal axle. The cocking tooth is in upper part ofslide retainer between the slide retainer presenting the double-armedlever movable fastened on the axle.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030]FIG. 1 shows the scheme of arm automatics operation:

[0031] A—initial position from the outset of the shot;

[0032] B—after the bullet gone out of barrel.

[0033]FIG. 2 shows the scheme of general view of automatic revolver.

[0034]FIG. 3 shows the scheme of automatic revolver in final phase ofshooting.

[0035]FIG. 4 shows the scheme of engagement of the cartridge-case bottomwith slide cup:

[0036] A—position before shooting;

[0037] B—position after the fired shot.

[0038]FIG. 5 shows the scheme of the mechanism of shot control.

VERSIONS OF REALIZATION OF INVENTION

[0039]FIG. 1 shows conventionally the barrel unit 1 connected with thearm frame 2 by transversal horizontal axle 3 with the ability to movearound this axle in vertical plane. The barrel unit 1 has the barrelbore 4, the slide 5, the slide locking mechanism or the slide retainer 6and the slide recoil spring 7. The scheme shows conventionally thereturn mechanism of barrel unit 8 and the cartridge-case 9.

[0040] In initial position (A) the slide is locked. In shooting time thebarrel unit 1 begins to move in vertical plane in one direction as aresult of the bullet came out of barrel. When the deviation is at thesmall angle (from 5 to 15°) the slide retainer 6 changes its position.The slide 5 is released and then it moves backwards under the action ofpowder gas residual pressure or because of other influences, forexample, of the slide accelerator. As a result, the cartridge-case 9 isextracted and the mainspring is cocked (position B).

[0041] Then the slide recoil spring 7 advances the slide 5 therebyensuring the arm charging with next cartridge. At the same time therecoil mechanism of barrel unit 8 returns the barrel unit 1 in initialposition. The slide retainer 6 is returned in the position which wasoccupied by it before the shot, and locks the slide.

[0042] The automatic revolver (FIGS. 2, 3) consists in barrel unit 1connected with the frame 2 by transversal axle 3. The movable barrelunit contains the barrel groove 4, the slide locking mechanismconsisting in the slide retainer 6 as a double-armed lever fixed totransversal axle 10 and the slide accelerator 11 interacting with it.The design of the slide 5 consists in tubular and rear parts. Thetubular part of the slide 5 is located in the slide groove 12 which isunder the barrel groove 4, the recoil spring 13 with retainer rod 14 andthe mainspring 15 are placed in tubular part of the slide 5, in twoseparate cavities. The tubular part of the slide is also the axle ofcylinder 16. The slide retainer 6 is provided with cocking tooth and isconnected with compensator body located in the grip by transmittinglever system.

[0043] The transversal axle of automatic revolver 3 is disposed underthe cylinder 16. The hammer 17 interacts with slide mainspring 15 bymeans of mainspring push rod 18.

[0044] On the outer surface of tubular part of the slide 5 is the copyslot 19 with which the guide tooth 20 located in the slide grooveinteracts in shooting.

[0045] The breech ring 21 joining to the powder-chamber of the cylinder16 has the spring 22 inside of which is the firing point 23.

[0046] The cartridge-case extracting mechanism consisting in extractor25 and extractor spring 26 is disposed over the breech ring 21.

[0047] The frame 2 connected with movable barrel unit 1 contains therevolver grip inside of which is the cavity 27. The arm kickbackcompensator is located in the grip cavity 27. The arm kickbackcompensator has the compensator body 28 having the groove 29 within it.The upper end of groove is open. The recoil spring 30 with whichinteracts the push rod 31 of compensator recoil spring is in the groove.The compensator body is movably connected in the cavity 27 by means ofsingle-armed guides, the lever 32 ensures necessary mobility of thecompensator body. The compensator body is in contact with the slideretainer 6 by double-armed accelerator of compensator 33 andtransmitting rod 34 mouvably connected. The compensator is furnishedwith retainer 35 fixed in the upper part cavity near the grip rear wall.The retainer is spring-loaded by laminated spring 36.

[0048] The spring-loaded cylinder catch 37 is located in front of thecylinder in its lower part and is intended for stopping and fixing thecylinder in shooting.

[0049] The design assumes the rigid engagement of fired cartridge-casebottom with the slide cup in shooting.

[0050] The cartridge-case the bottom of which is in rigid engagementwith slide cup repeats the trajectory of the slide mouvement andtransmits the movement torque to the arm cylinder. In the moment ofextraction of fired cartridge-case out of powder chamber of cylinder itis engaging with the cylinder retainer and ceases the rotationalmovement.

[0051] The scheme A of FIG. 4 shows the unit in which the cartridge-case9 of upper powder chamber of cylinder 16 is joining to upper rear partof the slide 5 (slide cup). The engagement unit of fired cartridge-casebottom contains the breech ring 21 with breech ring spring 22. Thescheme shows the firing point 23.-The mechanism for engagement andextraction of cartridge-case is located under the breech ring. Itpresents the spring-loaded extractor (ejector) of the cartridge-case 24being in contact with extractor push rod 25 by means of the spring 26.

[0052] As a result of the movement backwards of cartridge-case 9 inshootomg, the cartridge-case bottom acts on the breech ring 21 and isgot into the cavity of slide cup. The spring-loaded extractor ofcartridge-case 24 with its shaped tooth enters the cartridge-case groovein the slide (scheme B of FIG. 4). Such locking makes practicallyimpossible the disengagement of the cartridge-case from the shaped toothof cartridge-case extractor.

[0053] The shot is possible to do either in manual or automatic mode.The manual mode assumes two versions to do the shot: by self-cocking andby pulling the hammer cocked preliminary. The control of shooting isoutlined in FIG. 5.

[0054] At the manual cocking the hammer 17 acts on the trigger 38. Thetrigger 38 turning around its axle by means of push-rod 39 acts on thelateral lever 40. In its turn, the lateral lever 40 rotating on thefastening axle acts by special device on the lugs 41 made on the rearsurface of cylinder 16 and turns the cylinder at the required angle. Therotation of cylinder becomes possible as a result of action of thetrigger 38 on the cylinder catch 37 by special device.

[0055] At the complete turning backwards of the hammer 17 it is cockedand engaged with the sear 42.

[0056] When the hammer is cocked by hand the shot is accomplishing bylight pressure on the trigger 38.

[0057] In shooting by self-cocking mode, i.e. by pressing on trigger 38without pre-cocking the hammer, the trigger acts on the cocking lug ofhammer 44 by cocking rod 43, thus the hammer is cocked. The rear shortarm of the trigger turns the cylinder by push-rod 39 and lateral lever40. At further pressing on the trigger 38 the cocking rod 43 isdisengaging out of cocking lug of hammer 44 and it is resulting in theshot.

[0058] At automatic firing cock of the hammer, in shooting, the cockingrod 43 and the lateral lever 40 are taken aside by special lugs on theside of the barrel unit when it is turning. The next shot is analogousto that with the hammer precocked by hand.

[0059] The shooting process of automatic revolver is in followingmanner.

[0060] After the bullet is gone out of the barrel bore 4, as a result ofkickback action, the barrel unit 1 is turning in vertical plane aroundthe axle 3 at some small angle (about 10°).

[0061] The turn of the barrel unit 1 may be divided conventionally intotwo phases. In the first phase of the turn of barrel unit 1 the hammermainspring is cocking, the hammer 17 is in firing cock by means ofcocking tooth of slide retainer 6 and the slide is released. In thefirst phase of the turn of barrel unit the compensator body 28 isimmobile.

[0062] In the second phase, as a result of released slide 5 the slideretainer 6 with the slide accelerator 11, thereby the slide accelerator11 acts on the slide 5 and pushes it down.

[0063] By the interaction of the guide tooth 20 and the copy slot 19located on the surface of slide tubular part, the slide 5 simultaneouslywith the translational movemeny performs also the rotational one.

[0064] The fired cartridge-case 9 being in the powder-chamber of thecylinder 16 is in rigid engagement with the slide cup. The slide movingmackwards and turning around its exle induces the cartridge-case torepeat the trajectory of its movement.

[0065] Thereby, before the cartridge-case 9 is gone out ofpowder-chamber of cylinder 16, the cylinder 16 performs the rotationalmovement together with the slide. When the slide 5 reaches the rearlimit position the cartridge-case 9 interacts with the cartridge-caseextractor 24 and leaves the limits of the arm. When the cylinder turnsthe next powder-chamber with cartridge is in firing position, i.e. onthe same line with the barrel 4.

[0066] During the turning of barrel unit 1, to the moment of movementstarting of the slide 5, the cylinder catch 37 is got out of theengagement with special retaining groove on the front surface of thecylinder and it permits the cylinder to turn freely around its axle.When the cylinder 16 is turning at required angle to put the nextpowder-chamber on the barrel line, the catch 37 of cylinder enters onceagain the suitable groove of cylinder, stops the cylinder turning andfixes it in needed position.

[0067] The slide 5 is moving backwards under the action of the recoilspring 13 of the slide without the engagement with the cylinder 16. Atthe turning, the barrel unit 1, by its rear part, acts on thespring-loaded retainer 35 of kickback compensator, this retainer islocated in the suitable cavity of upper part of the grip rear wall ofrevolver and release the kickback compensator. When the barrel unit 1 isturning, at the hammer put into the firing cock, the portion of movementenergy of barrel unit is transmitting to kickback compensator body 28through the push-rod 31 and the compensator accelerator 32. As a result,the kickback compensator performs the opposite movement relative to thebarrel unit movement. When the slide 5 reaches the rear limit positionbetween the barrel unit 1 and the kickback compensator, the oppositecollision is occurred. As the movement vectors of mass centers of barrelunit and the kickback compensator are equal in the moment of collisionby absolute value and are opposite by direction, the shot kickback issuppressed.

[0068] Then, as a result of action of recoil spring 30 of kickbackcompensator, the barrel unit 1 and the compensator body perform thereverse movements.

[0069] At the reverse movement of barrel unit 1 the slide 5 occupies thefront limit position under the action of recoil spring 13. The slideretainer 6 is turning around its axle 10 under the action of recoilspring 30 of compensator and locks the slide 5. At the turning the slideretainer 6 acts on the slide accelerator 11 and occupies the initialposition.

[0070] As a result of reverse movement of kickback compensator thespring-loaded retainer 35 of compensator locks the compensator when itreached the initial position.

[0071] The design of the claimed automatic revolver is one of theversions of practical realization of claimed method of arm automaticsoperation using the negative features of any small arms for actuatingthe automatics.

[0072] At the formed traditions, the claimed solution improves theoperational characteristics with kept classic proportions of the arm.The dynamic stabilization of the arm in process of shooting owing to themechanical kickback compensator arranged into the grip permits toimprove the shot precision and to decrease considerably the tensionforce of the shot's hand.

INDUSTRIAL USABILITY

[0073] The technical result of the claimed method is the elimination ofnegative influence of the arm of force occurring in shooting. Thepractical use of operation method of arm automatics is possible forvarious kinds of short-barrel arms, not only of revolver type. Themethod offers the opportunity to create various modifications ofreliable, handy in use, powerful quick-firing arm of revolver type bothof classic appearance and with elements of modern design.

What we claim is:
 1. The method of arm automatics operation in processof shooting comprising the barrel unit movement as a result of action ofthe arm of force, distinguishing by the fact that, in shooting, thebarrel unit is turning relative to the transversal horizontal axleconnecting the barrel unit to the frame, and the arm of force iscreating between the barrel unit, being on the line of powder gasaction, and the transversal horizontal axle located on the line ofaction of arm reaction force parallel to the line of powder gas actionin shooting.
 2. The method of arm automatics operation as claimed inclaim 1 distinguishing by the fact that the barrel unit is turning atthe angle from 5 to 15°.
 3. The automatic revolver comprising the barrelunit with cylinder, the frame with grip, the barrel unit and the frameare movably connected one another, distinguishing by the fact that it isprovided with the slide disposed in barrel unit consisting in tubularand rear parts, the tubular part is located under the barrel, inside ofit are located the mainspring and the recoil spring with rod, the slideis provided with the slide retainer, the slide accelerator, themechanism for translational—rotational movement of the slide and withrigid engagement unit of fired cartridge-case bottom with slide cup,thereby the slide tubular part is also the rotation axle of cylinderwhich has the catch located under the cylinder; the arm kickbackcompensator is located inside the grip, the barrel unit is connectedwith the frame by transversal axle disposed under the cylinder to beable to turn the barrel unit relative to this axle.
 4. The automaticrevolver as claimed in claim 3 distinguishing by the fact that it hasthe cavity in the grip in which is located the arm kickback compensatorconsisting in compensator body movably fastened in the grip cavity andcontacted with the slide retainer by means of movable lever system, as alever accelerator, and transmitting rod, the compensator body has thegroove with upper open end, in which are located the recoil spring andthe recoil spring push-rod entering by one end the groove andinteracting with compensator recoil spring, and by other end being incontact with rear part of barrel unit, the compensator is provided withretainer which is movably fastened on transversal axle in rear wallcavity of grip upper part.
 5. The automatic revolver as claimed in claim3 or 4 distinguishing by the fact that the mechanism fortranslational-rotational movement of the slide is the curvilinear copyslot diaposed on outer surface of slide tubular part and the guide toothlocated in the slide bore interacting with the slot in shooting.
 6. Theautomatic revolver as claimed in any of claims 3-5 distinguishing by thefact that the rigid engagement unit of fired cartridge-case bottom withslide cup is realized as the spring-loaded breech ring and thespring-loaded cartridge-case extractor.